All posts by : İNGEV

PRESS BULTEN

22 March 2021

The power of interaction: Our attitudes turn more positive as we get to know each other.

The results of the Human Development Monitor Research Study, conducted by INGEV TAM in cooperation with ISTANBUL BILGI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION, emphasized the importance of interpersonal interactions and getting to know each other when it comes to reducing the sense of tension and misinformation towards Syrians in Turkey.

The study indicates that the relationship between members of the local community and Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey is rather tense but the tension is on a downward trend in comparison to previous survey periods. It is thought that Covid-19 pandemic is also a factor in this trend as it pushed other social issues to the back of people’s minds. The study also revealed that, although local community members have a lot of misinformation about the benefits provided to the Syrians in Turkey, this level of misinformation is decreasing. Another important finding had to do with differences between those who have a Syrian acquaintance and those who don’t. Those who know at least one Syrian person tend to possess more positive attitudes towards Syrians in general in comparison to those who do not know any Syrian individuals at all.

Covid-19 Pushes the Refugee Issue to the Back of our Mind

The last period of the ongoing research study was completed in November-December of 2020. According to the findings, the tension between Syrian refugees and the host community has steadily improved since the first time the survey was conducted in July 2019. The social tension rate was 55% in the first period of the research, it decreased to 48% in the second period (March 2020) and to 32% in the last period (November 2020).

The rate of parents who do not want their children to befriend a Syrian under temporary protection decreased from 51% in the first period to 44% in the last period of the study.

It’s also possible to say that since Turkey’s opening of border crossings to Syrians on 28 February 2020, political discourse has influenced the perception of harmony in society.

On the other hand, Covid-19 has also become a hot topic in Turkey like in the rest of the world. One factor for the decrease in sense of tension could be the emergence of the pandemic. The perception of tension towards Syrians under temporary protection loomed comparatively less in people’s minds throughout the second half of 2020. As a result, the sense of tension that was previously visible in our social perceptions remained in the background and tended to show a quantitative decline in the survey.

Another result that showed a significant difference and improvement compared to the first period was the society’s approach to Syrians under temporary protection. The rate of those who consider Turkey embracing people under forced migration to be an exemplary humanitarian stance has increased from 40% (in the first period) to 62% (in the last period.)

Those Who Have a Syrian Acquaintance Are More Positive

One of the critical findings of the study is that the perception towards Syrians under temporary protection shows significant variation between those who have Syrian acquaintances and those who do not.

One issue where those who know at least one Syrian person and those who do not differ from each other is the rate of agreement with the statement “Syrians should be ensured to return to Syria as soon as possible”. 68% of those who have a Syrian acquaintance agreed with this statement while the rate was 77% for those who don’t.

The percentage of those who agree with the statement “Our country’s embracing of refugees is an exemplary humanitarian stance” is also higher among those who have a Syrian acquaintance (66% to 58%).

Those who have a Syrian acquaintance agree with the statement “We should make a greater effort to help Syrians adapt to our country” at a higher rate as well (37% to 25%).

Compared to the previous period, the rate of agreement with misconceptions about Syrians under temporary protection shows a general decrease among the host community. The most widely believed misconception regarding Syrian refugees is the belief that Syrians receive salaries from the Government. 54% of the public states that they agree with this statement. Although this aid is provided by means of the Turkish Red Crescent and public banks; it comes from the EU’s Social Cohesion Assistance fund, and only refugees who are registered and meet the relevant conditions can benefit from this assistance.

The most critical decline in misconceptions occurred in the perception that “Syrians can enter the university they want without an exam”. While 60% of the society agreed with this statement in March 2020, in November 2020 this rate decreased to 39%. In fact, foreign students who want to study at a state university can only make a selection according to their score by taking the “Foreign Students Exam” while private universities apply their own exams for foreign students.

The least commonly held misconception is the belief that “Syrians do not pay for water, electricity and natural gas.” Compared to the previous period, the proportion of people holding this belief decreased from 43% to 26%. The truth is that Syrians are not subject to a different practice than the host community.

Like many other studies, this study supports the importance of interaction and getting to know each other in order to reduce the feeling of tension in the society. In order to minimize the negative effects of misinformation about Syrians, many official institutions continue their struggle against such misinformation and according to the results of the research, this struggle progresses with positive results.

Contact: INGEV- 0216 540 50 21

INGEV TAM (Social Research Center): can.cakir@ingev.org

The study was carried out between 22 October – 20 November 2020 through computer assisted telephone interviewing method in a total of 26 cities (Turkey Representation) according to TSI Statistical Territorial Units Classification Unit 2. 1774 interviews were conducted within the scope of the study. The margin of error of the research is ± 2.3%.

The success of the distance education system depends on digital access and parental attention.

Digital inequalities are preventing society from fully embracing distance learning, concludes a recent Human Development Monitoring Research report conducted by INGEV-TAM in collaboration with Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Communications.

The report found that lack of digital access is the most prominent factor in preventing students from being able to participate in distance learning programs. Due to socio-economic barriers, students may not have access to necessary technological devices or internet connection to be able to successfully complete their classwork.

Lack of digital literacy observed in the parents of students has emerged as another barrier in students’ access to distance education. As the constant presence of students at home places important, and at times overwhelming, responsibility on parents to take on the role of teacher in face-to-face education, the issue of digital literacy becomes more relevant.

Altogether, these report findings point to how the underlying inequalities in society have led to varying levels of digital access and literacy within different segments of the society.

We are hesitant about distance education, and we think that this type of education by itself is not enough.

The percentage of those in Turkey who state that they trust the distance education system is 39%. Only 23% of the population thinks that this system alone is sufficient without at least partial and supplementary integration of face-to-face classes.

50% of the public supports restarting face-to-face education. Although society is reluctant to put its trust in distance education, 52% still think that after the pandemic face-to-face education should also be supplemented with distance education. On the other hand, the rate of those who think distance education should continue even after the pandemic is only 12%.

Distance education has increased inequality.

72% of the society thinks that not all students have the necessary digital access for effective distance education. This is the most critical barrier to distance education perceived by the Turkish population. 67% thinks not all parents have the knowledge to help their children access and use the distance education system. As a result, 66% of the society agrees that distance education system causes inequality among students. 63% believes that public school students are more disadvantaged compared to private school students when it comes to distance education.

This perception of inequality is manifested by the following perceptions;

• 64% states that students who receive distance education will have lower exam success;
• 53% is concerned that employers will be less likely to prefer young people who graduate from the university through distance education.

With distance education, parents have been given significant additional responsibilities.

Distance education requires parents to be significantly involved and devote more time to the education process. 85% of the society agree that the student’s success in distance education depends on parent-teacher cooperation. 81% believe that this system requires parents to pay more attention to their children. 62% think that the distance education system creates an additional burden, especially for parents working from home.

53% of the people believe that it is the mother’s responsibility to follow the student’s distance education at home.

In distance education, students cannot be motivated and socialize as much as they should.

66% of society believes that students cannot be motivated for their lessons in the distance education system. 62% states that students cannot socialize as much as they should; 63% thinks distance education is not enough for personality development. 57% believes that this system prevents the active participation of students.

It is wrong to reduce teachers’ salaries in the distance education system.

While 70% of the society finds it wrong to reduce teachers’ salaries during the distance education period, 38% think teachers are not even paid the wages they deserve during this period. On the other hand, 62% of the society states that most teachers need technical support in developing digital course content. 40% of them believes that teachers’ work intensity has increased.

The research was carried out between 8 November to 10 December 2020 according to regions identified by Turkstat Statistical Regional Unit Classifications Level 2 with a computer-assisted telephone interviewing method to ensure the Turkey representation. 1754 interviews were conducted within the scope of the study. The margin of error of the research is ± 2.3%.

Important Notice:

Please contact Can Çakır for further information – can.cakir@ingev.org

Tel: +90 216 540 50 21

The website of INGEV Entrepreneurship Support Center (ESC), Turkey’s first and only center providing support to disadvantaged entrepreneurs, has been updated. A collection of trainings and informational notes prepared by INGEV consultants in both Turkish and Arabic have been made available for free in order to assist SMEs in growing their businesses.

Some of the topics you can expect to find on the newly renovated website include:

• Effective presentation techniques
• Trainings on how to meet different needs of digitalized business life
• How to grow from the “birth stage” of your business idea and determine the company and partnership type that best suits your business model
• Data bank that will be a reference source for positioning your brand, business development and marketing
• Practical information for your company to pay its taxes and SSI debts on time.

Click here to visit the website…

In line with INGEV’s mission to support the development of the economy and trade in Şanlıurfa, the Şanlıurfa Business Development Center continues to provide training and consultancy services to SMEs in the city despite the pandemic. During the online opening event of the center, managers and leaders of INGEV, DRC and the Şanlıurfa Chamber of Industry and Commerce came together to share their thoughts on how the business development center will contribute to the development of Şanlıurfa’s economy and employment:

INGEV President Vural Çakır “Şanlıurfa is one of the cities where social cohesion can be measured best in our country. It is critical that both the host and the refugee population possess professional skills and have access to adequate living conditions and sources of sustainable income in both the short- and long-term.

Halil Ibrahim Peltek, President of Şanlıurfa Chamber of Commerce and Industry ”

“Training qualified personnel with the aim of developing entrepreneurship and employment is top priority for Urfa. Between 2018-2020, 1864 companies were founded in Urfa, which is much higher than the national average. We hope that this will have a lasting positive effect on social cohesion.”

Danish Refugee Council / Dansk Flygtningehjælp Laila Zulkaphil: “Our aim as DRC is to offer a good life for displaced peoples, and for this reason we recognize the importance of Şanlıurfa. We are working to create 53 new start-ups this year in the city.”

INGEV Şanlıurfa Business Development Center has provided entrepreneurship and SME capacity building training to more than 300 beneficiaries so far, and will continue to provide its services with company establishment, legal assistance, consultancy, and networking. These grants and programs aiming to bring new companies into the Şanlıurfa and Kilis business ecosystems are being provided in cooperation with the Danish Refugee Council (the DRC) with funding from the German Federal Ministry of Cooperation and Development and the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

We completed the first Incubation Program with the participation of 21 entrepreneurs in the Sanliurfa Business Development Center within the scope of our project aimed at improving the capacities of the entrepreneurs living in Sanliurfa and bringing new companies to the Sanliurfa economic ecosystem. 10 entrepreneurs had a chance to get a grant with the detailed and prolonged evaluation of our committee consists of the representatives of INGEV, DRC, and Harran University.

What Training programs will be available in the next term?

The new application period for the Incubation and Small Grant Program was opened in February, with new program training beginning in March. At least 50 people are expected to participate in the current two-month training program, and the training sessions are set to continue into the next period as well for SME owners and employees located in Şanlıurfa and Kilis.

During an online conference held by INGEV on January 29th, the results of the 2020 Human Development Index-Districts (HDI-D) were officially announced, with the mayors of the districts who achieved “Very High Human Development” receiving awards. The HDI-D is prepared yearly by INGEV in support of encouraging human development at the district level.

The opening speech of the meeting was given by INGEV President Vural Çakır. Prior to the start of the awards ceremony, Istanbul Policy Center Director Prof. Turkey Fuat Keyman alongside UNDP Turkey UNDP Assistant Resident Representative (Programme) Seher Alacacı Arıner discussed the topic “New Localism and the Vision of Human Development.”

INGEV President Vural Çakır: “While creating 2020 Human Development Index – Districts, we focused on the categories that are effective in determining the roles of local governments.”

IPC Director Prof. Fuat Keyman: “Under New Locality, three are three points that can be carefully evaluated and considered as a suggestion: 1) A City with Virtue 2) A City in Digital Transformation 3) A City with a City Management Coalition.”

UNDP Turkey Assistant Resident Representative (Programme) Seher Alacacı Arıner: “The 2020 Human Development Report analyzes the coexistence of human beings and our planet, which is the defining issue of our age.”

The coordinator of the HDI-D, Prof.  Murat Şeker also gave a presentation explaining the HDI-D working system before announcing the results.

Please click on the link to watch the HDI-D event

About HDI-D (Human Development Index – Districts) Study:

The Human Development Index has been published by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) at the country level since 1990. The Human Development Index, considering the income per capita, life expectancy at birth, literacy, and schooling rates, aims to measure human development with education and health data and compare countries.

The importance of local governments and micro applications for human development is increasing

The Human Development Index aims to guide human development at the local level. In today’s world, where localization is increasing, local policy tools that affect human development are also diversifying. The effective use of data-based management tools by local governments on a micro-scale and their support by other stakeholders, especially central governments, increase life quality. İNGEV cares about manageable variables that can affect daily life.

HDI-D 2020 Report and Index covers 188 districts.

Human Development Index – Districts 2020 report, called HDI-D, included all districts within the metropolitan borders and 188 districts with the highest population. Municipalities that did not publish the 2019 Activity Report and/or did not share it with İNGEV were excluded from the report.

HDI-D Index has developed in the 2020 Study, HDI-2020 consists of 9 Sub-Indices and 81 Indicators.

HDI-D development areas were determined within the framework of the results of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) harmonization study carried out with UCLG-MEWA and the results of HDI-Advisory Board. Apart from the sub-indexes of Governance and Transparency, Social Inclusion, Economic Status, Education, Health, Social Life, Environmental Performance to the HDI-D model, which consists of components for social, economic and environmental factors at district level, in the 2020 study, Gender Equality and Transportation and Accessibility Indices are also added. The number of indices increased to 9, the number of indicators increased to 81, and data for 121 indicators were collected.

Along with the detailed examination of municipality activity reports, analysis of central statistics, analysis of the municipality website, and social media accounts, the 2020 report has also expanded the “secret citizen” study and applied to municipalities with “secret citizen” scenarios in a total of 21 issues. Their response levels are also included in the index.

The results are categorized into four main regions: There are 34 districts in the Very High Human Development Zone.

In the HDI-D Index, districts are gathered in 4 main clusters as Very High Human Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development and Low Human Development. There are 34 districts in the Very High Human Development region in the 2020 report. The districts in the 2020 Very High Human Development Zone (Green Zone) are:

In addition to the Total Human Development Index, there are nine sub-indexes in the study:

In addition to the Human Development Index, which constitutes the total results in the HDI-D 2020 Index, 9 sub-indices are important in guiding local government activities. These sub-indices comprise of Governance and Transparency, Social Inclusion, Economic Status, Education, Health, Social Life, Environmental Performance, Transport and Accessibility and Gender Equality.

The top 5 districts in these indices are as follows:

According to HDI-D 2020 results, the areas where the green zone is least represented are social inclusion, social life, and environmental performance. When the scores of the leading districts at the sub-index level are analyzed, it is seen that the lowest score is in the social inclusion area. According to their average scores in sub-indices, municipalities need to improve in social inclusion, environmental performance, and gender equality.

The enrichment of the number of variables and the districts’ performance led to a change in the District rankings compared to last year.

A team of experts manages the project.
With the general support of INGEV President Vural Çakır, Director for Istanbul University Center for Urban Policy Research, Professor Murat Şeker carries out the report writing. In the project team, İNGEV experts took part in statistical analysis.